Which term refers to an abnormal elevation of red blood cell count?

Polycythemia refers to an abnormal elevation of red blood cell count in the bloodstream. This condition can occur as a response to various factors, such as chronic hypoxia, which may compel the body to produce more red blood cells to enhance oxygen transport. In some cases, polycythemia can also be due to bone marrow disorders, where there is an overproduction of red blood cells.

It is essential to differentiate polycythemia from other hematological conditions. For example, thrombocytopenia involves a low platelet count, which affects blood clotting rather than red blood cell levels. Anemia, on the other hand, signifies a deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues. Leukemia is a type of cancer that causes an increased production of abnormal white blood cells, significantly affecting the body's immune response rather than the red blood cell count. Understanding these distinctions is crucial in respiratory care and the management of various blood disorders.