What defines paradoxical breathing?

Paradoxical breathing is characterized by the inward movement of the abdominal wall during inhalation, coupled with an outward movement during exhalation. This pattern is contrary to normal breathing mechanics, where the abdomen typically expands during inhalation as the diaphragm descends and the thoracic cavity expands. The inward movement of the abdominal wall can indicate a disruption in the normal coordination of respiratory muscles and may suggest underlying respiratory issues or respiratory distress. It is often seen in conditions that impair diaphragm function or in situations where there is impaired neuromuscular control of breathing, such as in certain neuromuscular disorders or significant respiratory illness. This pattern highlights the importance of understanding respiratory mechanics in the clinical assessment of patients and can inform treatment decisions in respiratory care.